Jackson and colleagues (2008) describe the benefits of
modeling in the physical science classroom as described by their researching
relating to teacher professional development in modeling curriculum. They
describe benefits of modeling in addressing student misconceptions. They
present a modeling curriculum that has a focus on student collaboration and
presentation of data, and they provide evidence to support the effectiveness of
this strategy.
In “What Kind of Explanation is a Model?” Lehrer and Shauble
describe scientific modeling and the benefits
of its use in the science classroom. They place models in opposition to not
only traditional lecture, but also the prescriptive experimentation that is
most common in the classroom. Using examples from elementary classrooms, they
show how modeling can engage students in a variety of important cognitive
tasks, enhancing student learning.
Lehrer, Shuable and Petrosino in Reconsidering the Role of
Experiment in Science Education redefined the role of experimentation in the
science classroom. They argue that the proper place for experimentation is
within a model that students are interacting with. In the classroom,
experimentation is typically a prescribed list of steps with specific outcomes
in which success comes in accurately completing the steps. The methodology for
experimentation should naturally arise with scaffolding from the teacher out of
the questions being asked. The structure presented more closely resembles the
practice of science than the experimentation without background that is typical
of school.
I was quite struck by the negative discussion of
experimentation in the article. In thinking about good, hands-on science
education, the first image that comes to mind for me is always of students
working on an experiment. As a student, I felt many times that the time spent
in lab, while often fun, was not especially important for my learning. The
prescriptive format, expected answers and lack of generalization of experiments
render them meaningless to many students. While I recognized this as a common
pattern in the experiments I went through in school, experiments were the
primary way that I thought that I could engage and involve students in class
material. The idea of experimentation fitting into modeling and modeling as a
primary means of having students interact with their learning seems to resolve
the conflicting thoughts that I have had about experiments in science class.
The recurring thought I have had while reading about modeling
has been its application in a high school biology classroom. I cannot think of
good models for many units that I will have to teach. I especially cannot
imagine students trying to design their own models. This may be a lack of
creativity on my end, but I believe that it would be incredibly difficult to
use modeling to cover every subject, which seems to be the implications the
authors of these papers desire. I would really appreciate others’ thoughts on
this. When reading the anecdotes, I was so excited, but I just cannot seem to
imagine how this would fit into a real secondary classroom.
I was also shocked to read the discussion of how many students that did the hands on experiments failed to make the connection between the experiment and what they were learning in the classroom. I also think back to how many experiments’ I have done in my science career and struggle to think about many that didn’t have the prescriptive format with the clear instructions included. I can absolutely see some of the significant benefits modeling has to offer, but still struggle to think of solutions to some of the challenges modeling faces as a teacher. The first article brings up some challenges such as, “limitations of time and materials, coupled with a concern that students “discover” a particular predetermined relationship or finding” (Chapter 2). In a real secondary classroom, I feel like the biggest problem is with the expectation of satisfying every common core item on the list. As far as time and materials go, there is always more than one way to skin a cat. However, I think when there are so many different subjects and areas to cover; it would be extremely hard to “get” students where you want them to “go” without a lot of successful scaffolding. On a brighter note, with more and more educators supporting and practicing modeling, there must be an effective way to overcome these challenges!
ReplyDeleteI'm with Joey on this one. I've been wondering if there is some way to get around the problem with 'too many standards, not enough time', perhaps by reviewing all possible modeling units and determining which ones account for certain standards best. I would hope that there might be some happy combination of big ideas in a given scientific discipline that would provide a means of addressing all learning standards through five or six 'mile-deep' points of inquiry.
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